Control de Internet: Las implicaciones políticas de las funciones de la IANA
Resumen
Este artículo tiene como finalidad describir los principales elementos que han posibilitado la supervisión de Internet por parte del gobierno estadounidense, lo que ha provocado importantes repercusiones institucionales y políticas. Se argumenta que el problema central del control de internet consistía tanto en la privatización fallida de la administración técnica, como la falta de legitimidad de la Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Estas intervenciones del gobierno estadounidense pusieron en riesgo los derechos e intereses de distintos agentes, los cuales demandaban un mayor grado de participación en la administración de internet. La reciente transición de las facultades de la Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) del gobierno estadounidense a ICANN puede ser un avance real o simplemente constituir una estrategia para evitar el intervencionismo de otros Estados en la administración de Internet.Palabras clave:
gobernanza de Internet, IANA, ICANN, gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América, nombres de dominio de Internet.Referencias
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Proffitt, Angela (1999). «Drop the Government, Keep the Law: New International Body for Domain Name Assignment Can Learn from United States Trademark Experience». Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review, 19(3), 601.
Schiavetta, Susan y Konstatinos Komaitis (2003) «ICANN’s Role in Con- trolling Information on the Internet». International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 17 (3): 267-284.
Sharrock, Lisa M. (2001). «The Future of Domain Name Dispute Resolution: Crafting Practical International Legal Solutions from Within the UDRP Framework». Duke Law Journal, 51(2), 817-849.
Sims, Joe y J. Burr Beckwith (1999). «Memorandum of understanding between the U.S. Department of Commerce and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers». Disponible en https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/icann-mou-1998-11-25-en
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Zittrain, Jonathan (2014). «No Barack Obama Isn’t Handing Control of the Internet Over to China». The New Republic, 224. Disponible en https://newrepublic.com/article/117093/ us-withdraws-icann-why-its-no-big-deal
Bartlett, Robert (1999). «The Domain Name System: A Case Study of the Significance of Norms to Internet Governance». Harvard Law Review, 112: 1657-1664. Disponible en http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3391&context=facpubs.
Clinton, William J. y Albert Gore (1997). «Framework for global electronic commerce». Disponible en https://clinton4.nara.gov/textonly/WH/New/Commerce/read.html
Daugherty, Paul y Bruno Berthon (2015). «Winning with the Industrial Internet of Things: How to Accelerate the Journey to Productivity and Growth». Dublín: Accenture.
Friedman, Neal J. y Kevin Siebert (1996). «The Name Is Not Always the Same». Seattle University Law Review, 20 (3): 631.
Froomkin, A. Michael (2000). «Wrong Turn in Cyberspace: Using ICANN to Route around the APA and the Constitution». Duke Law Journal, 50 (1): 21-96.
Froomkin, A. Michael (2001). «Icann’s Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy-Causes and (Partial) Cures». Brooklyn Law Review, 67 (3): 605.
Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor y Malte Ziewitz (2006). «Jefferson rebuffed: the United States and the future of internet governance». Colum. Sci. & Tech. L. Rev., 8, 188.
Mueller, Milton. (1999). «ICANN and Internet governance: sorting through the debris of “self-regulation”». Info, the Journal of Policy, Regulation and Strategy for Telecommunications, Information and Media, 1(6), 497-520.
Mueller, Milton; John Mathiason y Hans Klein (2007). «The Internet and global governance: Principles and norms for a new regime». Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 13(2), 237-254.
National Research Council (2005). «Committee on Internet Navigation and the Domain Name System, Technical Alternatives and Policy Implications, Signposts in Cyberspace: The Domain Name System and Internet Navigation». National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
NTIA (2014). «NTIA Announces Intent to Transition Key Internet Domain Name Function». Disponible en http://www.ntia.doc.gov/press-release/2014/ntia-announces-intent-transition-key-internet-domain-name-functions
Popovic, Dušan y Vesna Besarovic (2005). «Imena internet domena i pravo intelektualne svojine». Institut za uporedno pravo.
Proffitt, Angela (1999). «Drop the Government, Keep the Law: New International Body for Domain Name Assignment Can Learn from United States Trademark Experience». Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review, 19(3), 601.
Schiavetta, Susan y Konstatinos Komaitis (2003) «ICANN’s Role in Con- trolling Information on the Internet». International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 17 (3): 267-284.
Sharrock, Lisa M. (2001). «The Future of Domain Name Dispute Resolution: Crafting Practical International Legal Solutions from Within the UDRP Framework». Duke Law Journal, 51(2), 817-849.
Sims, Joe y J. Burr Beckwith (1999). «Memorandum of understanding between the U.S. Department of Commerce and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers». Disponible en https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/icann-mou-1998-11-25-en
Von Arx, Kim G. y Gregory R. Hagen (2002). «Sovereign Domains: A Declaration of Independence of ccTLDs from Foreign Control». Rich. JL & Tech., 9, 4-8.
Zittrain, Jonathan (2014). «No Barack Obama Isn’t Handing Control of the Internet Over to China». The New Republic, 224. Disponible en https://newrepublic.com/article/117093/ us-withdraws-icann-why-its-no-big-deal
